Dental Bridges
Explained

Tooth decay is the destruction of tooth enamel, the hard, outer layer of your teeth. It is a progressive condition that, if left untreated, can lead to cavities, toothache, infection, and even tooth loss. According to the American Dental Association, tooth decay is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, affecting children, teenagers, and adults alike.

Causes of Tooth Decay

Tooth decay is primarily caused by the interaction between bacteria in the mouth and sugars from food and drinks. When you consume sugary or starchy foods, the bacteria in plaque produce acids that attack the tooth enamel. The stickiness of plaque keeps these acids in contact with the teeth, leading to the gradual breakdown of enamel and the formation of cavities.

Key Contributing Factors

• Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up, increasing the risk of decay.
• Diet High in Sugars and Carbohydrates: Frequent consumption of sugary snacks and drinks fuels acid production by bacteria.
• Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva flow, which helps neutralize acids, can exacerbate decay.
• Age: Older adults may experience gum recession, exposing tooth roots to decay.

Stages of Tooth Decay

1. Initial Demineralization
   The first stage involves the loss of minerals in the enamel due to acid exposure, often appearing as white spots on the teeth.
2. Enamel Decay: As demineralization progresses, the enamel begins to break down, forming cavities.
3. Dentin Decay: If untreated, decay reaches the dentin, the layer beneath the enamel, causing sensitivity.
4. Pulp Damage: Advanced decay can affect the tooth’s pulp, leading to pain and potential infection.
5. Abscess Formation: In severe cases, infection may result in an abscess, requiring prompt dental intervention.

Prevention of Tooth Decay

Preventing tooth decay involves maintaining good oral hygiene and making informed dietary choices. Here are some effective strategies:

• Brush Twice Daily: Use fluoride toothpaste to strengthen enamel and reduce decay risk.
• Floss Daily: Clean between teeth to remove plaque and food particles that a toothbrush can’t reach.
• Limit Sugary Foods and Drinks: Reduce consumption of sugary snacks and beverages to minimize acid production.
• Regular Dental Check-ups: Visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and examinations to catch decay early.
• Use Fluoride Treatments: Consider professional fluoride treatments or dental sealants for added protection.

Treatment of Tooth Decay

The treatment for tooth decay depends on its severity and progression:

• Fluoride Treatments: In the early stages, fluoride can help remineralize enamel and reverse decay.
• Fillings: For cavities, dentists remove the decayed material and fill the space with dental materials like composite resin or amalgam.
• Crowns: For extensive decay, a crown may be placed over the tooth to restore its shape and function.
• Root Canals: If decay reaches the pulp, a root canal may be necessary to remove infected tissue and save the tooth.
• Extractions: In severe cases where the tooth cannot be saved, extraction may be required.